ABSTRACT
Introduction: In the transmission of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba province, three epidemic outbreaks were observed between 2020 and 2021. Objective(s): To identify the differences between intra-and extra-domiciliary infections in three epidemic outbreaks of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba between March 2020 and May 2021. Method(s): A cross-sectional descriptive study of COVID-19 cases in the territory and period above mentioned was carried out, using the usual bivariate techniques of statistics and implicative statistical analysis, to a sample of 6408 cass that was chosen by simple random sampling from the database of confirmed cases. Result(s): Extra-domiciliary contagion was significantly higher than intra-domiciliary contagion without differences by sex, but according to age groups and municipalities within and between both groups. The predominance of older adults in intra-domiciliary contagion and of young adults in extra-domiciliary contagion was significant. Symptomatic patients prevailed in the intra-domiciliary;and, the asymptomatic, in the extra-domiciliary, without significant differences between both forms. Children under 20 years of age, older adults, asymptomatic and Mella municipality were the characteristics that were associated with intra-domiciliary contagion, while, with the extra-domiciliary were related symptomatic young adults. Conclusion(s): The forms of intra-and extra-domiciliary contagion were modulated according to the behavior of the people and the isolation of each age group. Extra-domiciliary predominated in intermediate ages of life, as an expression of the behavior mediated by their economic responsibility at home, while extreme ages, who remained at home to comply with isolation measures, were more prone to intra-domiciliary contagion. Copyright © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In the transmission of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba province, three epidemic outbreaks were observed between 2020 and 2021. Objective(s): To identify the differences between intra-and extra-domiciliary infections in three epidemic outbreaks of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba between March 2020 and May 2021. Method(s): A cross-sectional descriptive study of COVID-19 cases in the territory and period above mentioned was carried out, using the usual bivariate techniques of statistics and implicative statistical analysis, to a sample of 6408 cass that was chosen by simple random sampling from the database of confirmed cases. Result(s): Extra-domiciliary contagion was significantly higher than intra-domiciliary contagion without differences by sex, but according to age groups and municipalities within and between both groups. The predominance of older adults in intra-domiciliary contagion and of young adults in extra-domiciliary contagion was significant. Symptomatic patients prevailed in the intra-domiciliary;and, the asymptomatic, in the extra-domiciliary, without significant differences between both forms. Children under 20 years of age, older adults, asymptomatic and Mella municipality were the characteristics that were associated with intra-domiciliary contagion, while, with the extra-domiciliary were related symptomatic young adults. Conclusion(s): The forms of intra-and extra-domiciliary contagion were modulated according to the behavior of the people and the isolation of each age group. Extra-domiciliary predominated in intermediate ages of life, as an expression of the behavior mediated by their economic responsibility at home, while extreme ages, who remained at home to comply with isolation measures, were more prone to intra-domiciliary contagion. Copyright © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Measures to control COVID-19 epidemic are likely to enable the control of other respiratory transmitted diseases. Objective: To determine the effect of the measures applied for the prevention and control of COVID-19 on the incidence of other respiratory transmitted diseases. Methods: An ecological time series study was carried out. The units of analysis were the time series of the weekly incidence of the cases treated for some infectious diseases (acute respiratory infections, chickenpox, scarlet fever, and viral meningitis) from 2013 to 2020 in Santiago de Cuba. These units were used to create the endemic channels by the infra-maximal and supra-minimal method with series from the 52 weeks between 2013 and 2019, which served as the starting point for the analysis of the 2020 series. Results: The increase of some respiratory diseases in 2020 coincided with the increase of COVID-19 epidemic in the territory, and from week 15 onwards, it was evidenced a decrease in the incidence which is consistent with the date on which COVID-19 control measures were established (movement restriction, mask wearing, hand washing and disinfection, social distancing, etc.). Conclusions: Control measures for COVID-19 have exerted a positive impact on the incidence of the selected diseases, which exhibited a reduction below what was expected for 2020 in Santiago de Cuba. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 spreads, mainly, through close contact among people, hence the importance of detecting contacts of confirmed cases and identifying the mode of transmission between them. Objective: To identify the main modes of direct transmission among contacts of imported and autochthonous cases. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in two populations: the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba in the last quarter of 2020, and their declared direct contacts. In the search of the best representativeness, a two-stage stratified sampling method was used. The interview was used to collect the primary data;numbers and percentage, to summarize the information;the one-sample proportion hypothesis test and the compare proportions test using Minitab v.19, to identify possible differences across groups;and Microsoft Excel 2016, to produce the graphics. Results: The average number of contacts was higher among the autochthonous cases, prevailing the co-workers, neighbors and children. The contact-case relationship in imported cases was friend, driver, and mother or father-in-law;while in the autochthonous cases, it was son or daughter. Preventive actions were less used, and extra-domiciliary contacts of imported cases predominated. Contacts of imported cases were hospitalized more often, and had a higher proportion of asymptomatic than the autochthonous cases, but there was no significant differences. Conclusions: A differentiated pattern of transmission was not obtained;except that, transmission among autochthonous cases was between parent and child;while in imported cases, it was between friends. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Some researchers have used demographic indicators to estimate the number of people infected by COVID-19. The first goal of this study is to determine to what extent the incidence of cases of COVID-19 in the municipalities of the province of Santiago de Cuba can be explained by certain demographic indicators. The second goal is to construct a hierarchy of groups of municipalities according to the differentiated behavior of the selected demographic indicators. An ecological, exploratory, multi-group study was developed, comparing the nine municipalities of Santiago de Cuba province according to global level variables, supposedly related to the number of cases with COVID-19 confirmed from October 15, 2020 to January 16, 2021. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to select the model that best described the behavior of the data and cluster analysis to visualize the grouping of the municipalities. A significant correlation was found between the number of cases with COVID-19, population density and urbanization level. On the other hand, in the regression model, only population density was significant when the nine municipalities were considered and the masculinity index, when the atypical municipality, Santiago de Cuba, was excluded. The masculinity index turned out to be a spurious variable conditioned by population density as a confounding variable. The cluster analysis revealed the formation of three groups of municipalities, with Santiago de Cuba being isolated from the rest of the municipalities. © 2021, Associacao Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais. All rights reserved.